Ka nui ā mātou utu, ka whakataetae hoki nā te kaha o tō mātou kaha whakaputa, ahakoa ka rerekē pea ngā utu i runga i te tuku me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te mākete. Ka tukuna atu e mātou he rārangi utu hou i muri i te whakapā mai o tō kamupene ki a mātou mō ētahi atu kōrero.
Kāore rawa. Ka whakahuahia e mātou te utu i runga i ō rahinga. Ko te nui o tāu ota, ko te utu pai ake ka riro i a koe. Ā, ki te hiahia koe ki ngā tauira kore utu, tēnā whakapā mai ki a mātou mā te īmēra.
Ae, āe. Ka taea e mātou te whakarato atu i ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki a koe, pērā i ngā Tiwhikete Tātari/Whakaaetanga; Inihuarangatia; Takenga Mai, me ētahi atu tuhinga kaweake.
E ai ki tō rahinga me tō tauira, ka tukuna atu e mātou he wā arahi whaitake. Pērā i ngā wā katoa, mō ngā tauira, e 7 ngā rā te roa o te wā arahi. Mō te whakaputanga papatipu, e 20-30 ngā rā i muri i te whiwhinga o te utu tāpui. Mēnā he hiahia motuhake āu, whakamōhio mai ki a mātou.
Ka taea e koe te utu ki tā mātou pūkete putea, ki a Western Union, ki a PayPal rānei:
30% tāpui i mua, 70% toenga ki te kape o te B/L.
Ka whakamanahia e mātou ā mātou rauemi me ā mātou mahi. Ko tā mātou whāinga kia makona koe i ā mātou hua. Ahakoa he whakamana, he kore rānei, ko te tikanga o tā mātou kamupene he aro atu ki ngā take katoa a te kiritaki kia makona ai te katoa.
Ae, he kounga teitei tonu tā mātou whakamahi i ngā takai kaweake. Ka whakamahia hoki e mātou ngā takai mōrearea motuhake mō ngā taonga mōrearea, me ngā kaipuke rokiroki makariri kua whakamanahia mō ngā taonga e pāngia ana e te pāmahana. Tērā pea ka puta he utu tāpiri mō ngā takai motuhake me ngā whakaritenga takai kore-paerewa.
Ko te utu tuku ka whakawhirinaki ki te huarahi e whiriwhiria ana e koe hei tiki i ngā taonga. Ko te tere te huarahi tere rawa atu engari ko te huarahi utu nui rawa atu hoki. Ko te uta moana te otinga pai rawa atu mō ngā moni nui. Ka taea anake e mātou te tuku atu i ngā utu uta tika mēnā e mōhio ana mātou ki ngā taipitopito o te nui, te taumaha me te huarahi. Tena koa whakapā mai ki a mātou mō ētahi atu kōrero.
Ina hoki, ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te muka OM3 me te muka OM4 kei te hanganga anake o te taura muka whatu. Ko te rerekētanga o te hanganga he pai ake te whakaiti i te kaha o te taura OM4, ā, ka taea te mahi i te whānui o te hononga i te OM3. He aha te take o tēnei? Kia mahi ai te hononga muka, he nui te kaha o te mārama mai i te kaiwhakawhiti VCSEL ki te tae atu ki te kaiwhiwhi i tērā pito. E rua ngā uara mahi ka taea te ārai i tēnei—te whakaiti i te kaha o te kaha me te horapa o te momo.
Ko te whakaitiiti te whakaiti i te mana o te tohu mārama i te wā e tukuna ana (dB). Ko te whakaitiiti ka puta mai i ngā ngaronga o te mārama mā roto i ngā wāhanga kore mahi, pērā i ngā taura, ngā hononga taura, me ngā hononga. E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, he rite tonu ngā hononga, nō reira ko te rerekētanga mahi i waenga i te OM3 me te OM4 kei roto i te ngaronga (dB) o te taura. Ka iti ake ngā ngaronga o te muka OM4 nā tōna hanganga. Ko te whakaitiiti mōrahi e whakaaetia ana e ngā paerewa kei raro nei. Ka kite koe mā te whakamahi i te OM4 ka iti ake ngā ngaronga mō ia mita o te taura. Ko te tikanga o ngā ngaronga iti ka taea e koe te whai hononga roa ake, te whai hononga maha atu rānei i roto i te hononga.
Te whakaiti mōrahi e whakaaetia ana i te 850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/Km
Ka tukuna te mārama i ngā momo rerekē puta noa i te muka. Nā ngā hapa o te muka, ka tae mai ēnei momo i ngā wā rerekē paku. I te piki haere o tēnei rerekētanga, ka tae koe ki tētahi wāhi kāore e taea te wetewete i ngā mōhiohio e tukuna ana. Ko tēnei rerekētanga i waenga i ngā momo teitei me ngā momo iti rawa e mōhiotia ana ko te mararatanga momo. Mā te mararatanga momo ka whakatau i te whānui o te momo ka taea e te muka te mahi, ā, koinei te rerekētanga i waenga i te OM3 me te OM4. Ko te iti o te mararatanga momo, ko te teitei ake o te whānui o te momo, ā, ko te nui ake o ngā mōhiohio ka taea te tuku. Kei raro nei te whakaaturanga o te whānui o te momo o te OM3 me te OM4. Ko te whānui teitei ake e wātea ana i roto i te OM4 ko te tikanga he iti ake te mararatanga momo, ā, nō reira ka taea e ngā hononga taura te roa ake, ka taea rānei e ngā mate teitei ake mā roto i ngā hononga hono. Mā tēnei ka nui ake ngā kōwhiringa ina tirohia te hoahoa whatunga.
Te Whānuitanga Taura Muka Iti rawa i te 850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz·km
Ka taea e koe te whakamōhio mai ki a mātou mō ngā āhuatanga taiao e whakamahia ai ngā hua, me te hiahia ki ngā taipitopito taipitopito pēnei i te haumākū, te pāmahana, me ngā āhuatanga whenua. Ka taea e mātou te tuku i ngā hanganga taura/muka hiato kua whakaritea kia tutuki ai ō hiahia. Kei te wātea hoki ngā kōwhiringa hua kua whakaritea.
Ko te taura muka he mea hanga mai i:
Matua**: Karāhe/hiriwa tino parakore (8-62.5µm te whānui) mō te tuku mārama.
Taupoki**: Paparanga o waho he iti ake te taupū whakaata hei pupuri i te mārama.
Paninga**: Paparanga ākirirata tiaki (250µm).
Ngā mema kaha**: Miro aramid/rākau muka karāhe.
Koti o waho**: Ngā rauemi PE/PVC/LSZH hei tiaki i te taiao.
| **Tauwhā** | **Aratau Kotahi (SMF)** | **Aratau Maha (MMF)** |
|---------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|
| Diameter Matua | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |
| Tawhiti | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |
| Whānuitanga | Mutunga kore (i roto i te ariā) | Whakawhāitihia e te mararatanga aratau |
| Utu | Teitei ake (ngā pūtake laser) | Iti iho (LED/VCSEL) |
| **Whakamahinga** | Waea/5G whakahoki | Ngā pokapū raraunga/Whare puni |
Ko ngā hangarau SDM ko:
Ngā muka maha-matua (MCF)**: 7-19 ngā matua/muka, i whakaatuhia te tuku 1Pbps.
Muka Aratau-Tokotoru (FMF)**: He maha ngā ara mārama mō ia matua.
Painga a te kaiwhakahaere*: Ka whakaiti i te pupū o ngā paipa; Kua whakatinanahia e NTT te MCF ki te metro o Tōkyō.
Ko ēnei muka:
- Arataki i te mārama mā te hau (ehara i te karāhe), ka tapahia te roa o te wā e whiti ana mā te 31% (1.46μs/km vs. 2.13μs/km).
- Ngā tono ūnga: HFT (tauhokohoko auau-teitei), whatunga irahiko.
*Wero*: Te whakaiti nui (~3dB/km) ki te SMF 0.17dB/km.
A: Ngā kaupapa matua e toru:
1. Fronthaul**: Whakatakotoria ngā muka G.654.E (he iti te ngaronga, he nui te horahanga whai hua) mō ngā roangaru >400G.
2. Ngā pūtau iti**: Ngā taura moroiti (≤6mm te whānui) mō ngā whakatinanatanga ki ngā tāone nui.
3. Whakaurunga SDN**: Whakaaunoa te tohatoha rauemi muka mā OpenROADM.
A:Ko ngā painga ko:
- Te whakaiti i te utu mā te 30% mā roto i ngā hoahoa kāore e aro ki ngā kaihoko (hei tauira, te Kaupapa Tuwhera muka a Vodafone).
- Ngā whakahoutanga tere ake (ngā kōwae muka mono-ā-ringa).
A:** Ngā whakamātautau matua:
OTDR (Whakaata Rohe Wā Optical)**: E ine ana i te ngaronga/ngā whati o te hononga.
Whakamātautau Ngaronga Whakauru**: Manatoko ngaronga dB pito-ki-pito.
Whakamātautau Mararatanga Tae**: He mea nui mō ngā pūnaha honohono >100G.
1. **Taumata 1**: Kimihia te hapa i roto i te 3m mā te whakamahi i te OTDR taumira teitei.
2. **Hipanga 2**: Whakatakotoria ngā mīhini muka karetao mō ngā whakatikatika i raro i te whenua.
3. **Taumata 3**: Whakamahia ngā hononga honohono me te ngaronga hononga ≤0.02dB.
Ko ngā momo matua ko:
-Muka aratau-kotahi (SMF):** I hangaia mō te tuku tawhiti, whānui-aho teitei (hei tauira, ngā roangaru 1310/1550nm).
-Muka aratau maha (MMF):** Whakamahia mō ngā tawhiti poto ake (hei tauira, OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 mō te 850/1300nm).
Ngā taura o roto/o waho:** Ngā hoahoa pukupuku, kore-pakaru, rīpene, ngongo-kore rānei.
-ngā taura motuhake:** FTTH (ngā taura maturuturu), ngā taura ruku wai, ngā taura rangi, me ētahi atu.
whakaarohia:
- **Tawhiti:** SMF mō te >1km; MMF mō te ≤500m (ka rerekē i runga i te tere raraunga).
- **Utu:** He iti ake te utu mō ngā tukuwhiti MMF engari ka taea e te SMF te whakarite kia pai ake te mahi a meake nei.
- **Taupānga:** SMF mō te waea pūkoro/haerenga roa; MMF mō ngā pokapū raraunga/LAN.
Ngā aratohu matua:
- Kaua e neke atu i te **tēhanga tō** (hei tauira, ≤150N mō te SMF).
- Kia mau tonu te iti rawa o te **radius piko** (hei tauira, 20mm mō ngā taura whakapiri).
- Whakamahia ngā **hononga/pūhononga** tika (LC/SC/MPO) me te horoi i ngā pito o te ferrule.
- Whakamātauria ki ngā **mita OTDR/mita mana** i muri i te tāutanga.
Ko te tikanga **20–25 tau**, engari e whakawhirinaki ana ki:
- Ngā āhuatanga taiao (makuku, te pānga o te hihi UV).
- Te ahotea ā-pūkaha (te piko, te wiri).
- Tērā pea ka akiakihia ngā whakapainga i mua i te EOL e ngā whanaketanga hangarau.